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Period: Early 20th Century
Antique American Leaded & Jeweled Glass Window of A Young Child C. 1900
Located in Atlanta, GA
Reverse glass portrait of a child in stained glass and jeweled glass frame, American, circa 1900–1910.
This striking object unites the delicate intimacy of reverse glass painting wi...
Category
American Art Nouveau Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Art Glass, Stained Glass
Antique Oil On Canvas Seascape Painting of a Tall Masted Ship by T. Bailey C1900
Located in Big Flats, NY
Antique Oil On Canvas Seascape Painting of a Tall Masted Ship by T. Bailey C1900
Measures- 20.25"H x 16"W x .75"D
Category
Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Paint
Vintage Eduard Enzmann Alpine Church Landscape Oil Painting on Board 20"
Located in Dayton, OH
Early to mid 20th century oil on board landscape painting depicting a church steeple in a little Alpine mountain village. Signed Enzmann in lower right. Beveled wood frame.
"Eduard ...
Category
Black Forest Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
Oil painting Emil Orlik "Landhaus in Erlach" 1914
Located in Klosterneuburg, AT
Emil Orlik was born in Prague in 1870 and attended Heinrich Knirr's private painting school and the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich after graduating from high school. From 1899 to 190...
Category
Austrian Expressionist Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Paint
Early 20th Century Japanese Cherry Blossom Screen by Kano Sanrakuki
Located in Kyoto, JP
Cherry Blossoms
Kano Sanrakuki (1898-1981)
Showa period, circa 1930
2-panel Japanese Screen
Color, gofun and gold leaf on paper
Against a backdrop of gold-leafed ground, the lichen covered trunk and branches of the life-sized cherry blossom tree reach out and beyond the confines of the pictorial surface. The overall composition has a feeling of flatness which draws emphasis to the surface and the three-dimensionality of the cherry blossoms. Painstakingly built-up layers of thickly applied shell-white gofun detail the voluminous blossoms and cover large areas of this tour-de-force of Japanese Nihonga painting. By simplifying the background, minimizing the number of colors and depicting the blossoms with such heavy relief, the artist has emphasized the stunning presence of the cherry tree. The type of tree depicted is the Yae-Zakura; a double-layered type of cherry blossom famed for its beauty and strength. When we think of Japanese cherry blossoms, the first thing that comes to mind is Somei Yoshino variety, which has a single flower with five almost white petals. This type is fragile and easily blown away by strong wind or rain. Most of the double-flowered cherry blossoms begin to bloom when the Somei-Yoshino falls, and the flowering period lasts longer than that of the Somei-Yoshino.
Kano Sanrakuki originally studied painting at the Kyoto City Arts and Crafts School under the tutelage of Yamamoto Shunkyo...
Category
Japanese Showa Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Gold Leaf
Antique Arts & Crafts Hand Carved Oak Floor Easel / Artist Display Stand ca1910
Located in Lisse, NL
Excellent condition, Arts & Crafts handmade solid oakwood picture stand.
This beautiful gallery easel is another one of our recent rare finds and it...
Category
European Arts and Crafts Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Brass
Large Oil Painting, "Jesus Heals the Sick Child" After Gabriel Cornelius V Max
Located in Norton, MA
A religious oil painting on canvas, Jesus Heals the Sick, after the original painting by Gabriel Cornelius von Max, British, German, Czech, 1840 to 1915....
Category
European Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Wood
1920s Painting on Wood Poppy Bouquet in Vase in Art Deco Passe Partout Frame
Located in Lisse, NL
1960s pair of sconces made of chrome white a large blown glass globe.
Each sconce is compose by a large chrome cylinder extended by a smaller chrome cylinder which contains the bulb...
Category
Dutch Art Deco Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Wood
Early 20th Century Water Colour - Flowers - by Corneille Henri Dee
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
A beautiful antique work of art by the Dutch painter Corneille Henri Dee.
The painting shows an abundance of floral splendor, wisteria and delphinium.
Watercolor on paper. Made aro...
Category
Dutch Art Nouveau Antique Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paper
Unique Antique Handmade Arts & Crafts Floor Easel / Artist Display Stand ca 1910
Located in Lisse, NL
Rare design and excellent condition, early Arts & Crafts picture stand.
This beautiful gallery easel with two large wooden pegs (the original ones) ...
Category
French Arts and Crafts Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Metal
Greek Orthodox Icon
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Greek Orthodox icon painted over gold leaf laid on a wooden board. Byzantine style and painted with egg tempera .
Category
Balkan Balkan Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Wood
Large Japanese 2-Panel Byôbu 屏風 'Room Divider' with Painting of Bamboo & a Poem
Located in Amsterdam, NL
Beautiful, large two-panel byôbu (room divider) with a serene painting of red-leaved bamboo and rocks on an oxidized silver leaf background. Silver leaf continuously undergoes the process of oxidation, which creates a beautiful aged patina.
On the left an inscription from a ‘Zekku’ poem by the Chinese poet Yang Zai (1271?1323), titled: Shan shang zhu (bamboo (painted) on a fan).
Translated as :
Why would people plant a lot of bamboos?
The shade of a single culm is also beautiful.
In the autumn night it rocks on the wind,
And the fresh sound echoes in my dream.
Dated: Shôwa, the year kôshin (1938). Signature unknown...
Category
Japanese Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Other, Silver Leaf
Italian Dolomites Oil on Canvas
Located in Vo', Veneto
The Vajolet Towers - Italy
Artist: A. Thöny
Period: Early 1900s
Origin: Italy
Technique and support: Oil on canvas mounted on cardboard
Dimensions:
Height – 33 cm
Width – 27 cm
De...
Category
German Other Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas
Antique Oil Painting With Four Saints, Germany ca. 1920s
Located in Berghuelen, DE
Antique Oil Painting With Four Saints, Germany ca. 1920s
A great antique painting depicting the saints St. Elisabeth, St. Gregorius, St. Nikolaus and St. Barbara. Handpainted with e...
Category
German Country Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Wood, Glass
Mountain Landscape with Lake, Oil on Canvas Paintings, Alps, 1920
Located in Vo', Veneto
Konigssee
Measures: 30 cm x 40 cm (without frame) - oil on canvas, 1920s
11.8 in x 15.7 in (without frame).
Painting depicting the Königssee, probably the most famous German alpine...
Category
German Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas
A Large imposing Edwardian still life Oil Painting in original Mahogany frame
Located in London, GB
This is a beautiful, elegant and striking still life oil painting of a Lobster with fruit on an overflowing laid table with silverware, basket or fruit, foliage an upturned crab and ...
Category
European Edwardian Antique Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint, Giltwood, Mahogany, Canvas
Early 20th Century Oil Painting on Canvas Flower Stil Life Signed
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
Beautiful flower painting, oil on canvas, dating from circa 1920. The painting is painted with a quick, somewhat coarse touch and a beautiful palette of contrasting colours. The painting shows a beautiful incidence of light and a sense of liveliness.
The painting is signed at the bottom right, but the signature is not clearly legible.
The artwork is framed behind glass in a wooden gilded frame...
Category
Belgian Romantic Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
Japanese Screen, Early 20th Century Wagtail & Chrysanthemum by Ishizaki Koyo
Located in Kyoto, JP
Ishizaki Koyo (1884-1947)
Wagtail & Chrysanthemum
Early 20th century
Folding screen in two-panels. Ink, pigments and gofun on gold leaf.
Sign: Koyo
Seal: Koyo
This ...
Category
Japanese Taisho Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Gold Leaf
Pair of Art Deco Period Erotic Drawings / Watercolours by Umberto Brunelleschi
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
A few beautiful works of art by the Italian artist Umberto Brunelleschi. They are female nudes, slightly erotic in appearance with a beautiful display of transparent fabrics.
Dimensions frame: 25,5 x 20 cm
Dimensions paper: 23,5 x 18 cm
Umberto Brunelleschi (21 June 1879 - 16 February 1949) was an Italian artist. He was born in Montemurlo, Italy, studied at the Accademia delle Belle Arti in Florence and moved to Paris in 1900 where he soon established himself as a printer, book illustrator, set and costume designer. He worked for Le Rire as a caricaturist and was a contributor to many of the deluxe French fashion publications including Journal des Dames et Des Modes, La Vie Parisienne...
Category
Italian Art Deco Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Wood, Paper
Large Self portrait of Maurice Molarsky, 1855-1950
Located in Lambertville, NJ
A self portrait of Maurice Molarsky (1885-1950) painted in 1925 This very large portrait measures 54 inches high, 52 inches wide, with a period Harer black and giltwood frame. Maur...
Category
American Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Giltwood
Early 20th Century Japanese Screen Pair - Ink Pine Trees on Gold
Located in Kyoto, JP
Imao Keisho (1902-1993)
Pine Trees
Early 20th Century, Circa 1930
Pair of six-panel Japanese screens. Ink on silk and gold leaf.
Dimensions: Each screen H. 67.5” x 148” (172 cm x 376 cm)
A pair of monumental six-panel Japanese pine screens by the renowned Nihonga artist Imao Keisho. Here Keisho entirely removed the background and brought the pine trees to the surface of the painting. This simplification of the elements makes the scene exceptionally direct and compelling and injects a very modern...
Category
Japanese Showa Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Gold Leaf
"Arms Raised", Striking Portrait of Nude Male Youth by Jarl, Denmark
Located in Philadelphia, PA
A striking combination of realism and abstraction, this portrait of a nude male youth with his arms behind his neck -- Stanley Christensen -- is beautifully expressed in tones of cha...
Category
Danish Art Deco Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
Marvelous Early to Mid-20th Century Owl Monkey Pointillism Drawing / Painting
Located in Lisse, NL
A rare work of art that lifts your spirit.
The technique of drawing or painting a picture with thousands of dots (or points) is known as "pointillism". Finding old works of art in t...
Category
European Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Glass, Plaster, Paper
French Giltwood Framed Oil on Panel Kitten Painting Signed Jules Le Roy
By Jules Leroy
Located in Atlanta, GA
A small French oil on panel kitten painting from the early 20th century, signed by Jules Le Roy. This charming small French oil on panel kitten painting f...
Category
French Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Wood, Giltwood, Paint
Early 20th Century Oil Painting of Circus Dogs
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
A sweet little painting depicting two dressed up circus dogs. The dogs are painted against a sober background.
The painting is oil on panel and dates from...
Category
Belgian Other Antique Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Wood, Paint
Antique Paintings, Portrait Of A Girl, Young Woman, Oil On Canvas, Early 20th.
Located in Breganze, VI
The category Antique Paintings, Portraits Of A Girl features an Oil Painting On Canvas From The Early 1900s.
It is a portrait of a young woman dressed in peasant clothing and holdin...
Category
French Other Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas
Early 20th Century Impressionistic Oil Painting Flowers, Mécislas de Rakowski
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
Beautiful painting by the Polish-Belgian artist Mécislas de Rakowski.
The painting shows a flower still life in a Chinese vase. Beautiful display of delicate white flowers against a...
Category
Belgian Art Deco Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Wood, Paint
Japanese Framed Silk Painting, Turtledoves and Peaches, Taisho Era, circa 1920
Located in Kyoto, JP
Nakamura Daizaburo
Turtledoves in a Peach Tree
Taisho period, circa 1920
Framed painting. Mineral pigments, ink and gofun on silk
Signed: Daizaburo
Dimensions (framed)...
Category
Japanese Taisho Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Wood, Silk
Early 20th c. Virgin of Guadalupe, Bolivia, Oil on Canvas Painting
Located in San Francisco, CA
ABOUT
Virgin of Guadalupe, unsigned, oil on canvas, unframed.
CREATOR Unsigned.
DATE OF MANUFACTURE c.1910-1940.
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES Oil on Canvas.
CONDITION...
Category
Bolivian Spanish Colonial Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
French 1900s Oil Painting Depicting a Pointer Standing at the Edge of the Woods
Located in Atlanta, GA
A French oil on canvas painting from the early 20th century depicting a pointer dog in the woods, in giltwood frame. Created in France during the Turn of the Century which saw the tr...
Category
French Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Paint
Antique Paintings, Portrait of a Dog, Pomeranian Breed or Dwarf German Spitz, XX.
Located in Breganze, VI
The category Antique Paintings Portraits of Dogs features an oil painting on canvas with a portrait of a Pomeranian Breed dog
or Dwarf German Spitz, named after the Pomeranian regio...
Category
French Art Nouveau Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas
Early 20th Century Japanese Willow and Ducks Byobu Screen
Located in Chicago, IL
This early 20th-century Japanese byobu screen captures a serene moment in nature, with a large willow tree casting its graceful branches over a secluded cove. Three playful ducks gat...
Category
Japanese Taisho Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Gold Leaf
print THE FOURTH STATE by Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo (1901)
Located in Taranto, IT
print THE FOURTH STATE by Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo (1901).
Measures:
Height 61 cm
Width 89 cms
Print on paper
In good conservative cond...
Category
Italian Antique Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paper
Early 20th Century Classic Oil Painting by W. Roelant Still Life Lobster
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
Beautiful and attractive painting in a classic gilded frame.
The painting depicts a still life with lobster, cabbage and eggs. It is oil on canvas. The painting is signed at the bot...
Category
Belgian Romantic Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
"The Golden Hour, " Monumental Painting with Utopian Scene, Multiple Male Nudes
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Monumental and quite extraordinary, this utopian scene -- all cast in a lovely, warm glow -- depicts a wide range of nude figures, mostly male, in a grassy river valley between mount...
Category
British Art Deco Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
Antique English Painted Wood Firescreen Flower Basket Dummy Board
Located in Vero Beach, FL
Antique Englishpainted wood firescreen flower basket dummy board
During the 18th and 19th centuries, dummy board fire screens were highly fashionable, esp...
Category
English Victorian Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Wood
Oil painting Oswald Grill "Portrait" 1924, signed and dated
Located in Klosterneuburg, AT
Oswald Grill, a native of Vienna, was a freelance artist active in Dachau since 1906 after studying painting under Karl Karger at the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts, as well as Car...
Category
Austrian Art Nouveau Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas
Floral & Parrot Wall Panels / Paintings 1920's
Located in Fulton, CA
A pair of hand painted panels with urn, parrot and floral motif. Circa. 1920's. California Rancho or Spanish Revival style. Warm, old world glow and patina. Can be mounted to a wall side by side or separately. Originally part of a 3 or 4 panel floor screen...
Category
American Spanish Colonial Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Leather, Wood, Paint
American Carleton Wiggins Impressionist Barbizon Landscape Painting Sheep
By John Carleton Wiggins
Located in Shippensburg, PA
JOHN CARLETON WIGGINS
American, 1848-1932
"Sheep in a Landscape"
Oil on artist's panel signed lower left "Carleton Wiggins" titled and signed to the reverse of the panel "Sheep L...
Category
American Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Paint
Antique Miniature Landscape Oil Painting - Initialed - Early 20th Century
Located in Chatham, ON
Antique miniature landscape oil painting on Masonite panel - complete with original ebonized soft wood frame with gilt filigree - signed/initialed by the artist - R.G.H.S. - mid 20th...
Category
Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Wood, Masonite, Paint
Astrid Holm, 'Nature Morte' Flower Painting , Oil on Canvas Signed
Located in Kastrup, DK
Title: Nature Morte
A still life composition featuring vibrant flowers in a vase alongside a potted rubber plant. Oil on canvas, signed A.H. (1911-12).
Exhibited at Ordrupgaard Museum, Denmark, in the "Astrid Holm...
Category
Danish Modern Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Wood
British School W/C Kandariya Mahadeva Temple at Khajuraho India
Located in Ottawa, Ontario
A British School watercolor of Kandariya Mahadeva Temple at Khajuraho, Located in Central India, Watercolor over pencil on paper, unframed measures 19 3/8"-inches high x 12 3/4"-inches wide, Framed measures 28 1/4"-inches high x 21 1/4"-inches wide, inscribed in pencil on the lower part; "32 Khandaria Mahadev Temple Khajraho". Framed with silk matting.
Category
Indian Anglo-Indian Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paper
Oil on Canvas "the Prohibited Reading" After Karel Ooms
Located in Los Angeles, CA
A Large Continental Oil on Canvas "The Prohibited Reading " after Karel Ooms (Belgium, 1845-1900). This beautiful executed painting depicts a historical scene of an old man and a young woman who are huddled over a bible. The pair is gazing in apparent concern or alarm, over the old man's shoulder, towards something outside of the picture. The scene is likely set in the 16th or 17th century when Protestants were prosecuted, amongst others, for reading the bible in the vernacular, a practice prohibited by the Catholic Church at the time. Signed (l/r) A. Ribas 15-12-913. Within a giltwood carved frame. circa: Probably Belgium, 1913.
Karel Ooms was born in Dessel on January 27, 1845 as the youngest son of a large peasant family. At school his extraordinary talent for drawing was discovered. When he was twelve his hometown provided financial support which allowed him to study at the Antwerp Academy of fine Arts.
One of his teachers at the Academy was Nicaise de Keyser, one of the key figures in the Belgian Romantic-historical school of painting and a painter of mainly history paintings and portraits. After graduating from the Academy 1865 Karel Ooms was welcomed with pomp in his home town Dessel. He painted two altarpieces for the local church Saint Nicolas, to express his gratitude to his city.
Karel Ooms settled as an independent artist in Antwerp around 1871. He quickly established a reputation as a portrait painter. In addition, he received commissions for religious paintings and history paintings. He gained particular recognition with two large paintings...
Category
Belgian Renaissance Revival Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Giltwood
Vizkeleti Signed Oil on Canvas ‘European Market Scene’
Located in Bradenton, FL
An original impressionist oil on canvas, circa 1920, by listed Hungarian artist Witman Etelka Vizkeleti (1882-1962), signed lower right. Depicts a vibrant marketplace scene with two ...
Category
Hungarian Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Giltwood, Paint
Signed Oil on Canvas by French Artist Jean Hubert Gautier
Located in Redding, CT
Signed Oil on Canvas by Jean Hubert Gautier (1872-1930). Nice heavy impasto technique of a classic french riverscape. The composition includes heavy clouds with a basilica in the bac...
Category
French French Provincial Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Wood, Paint
"At Full Sail" A Clipper Ship Watercolor by Montague Dawson
Located in Wiscasset, ME
Watercolor signed in the lower left corner. The piece measures 19.25" x 23.25" including the frame and features a clipper ship at full sail.
Provenance: Bradbury Art and Antiques,...
Category
British Victorian Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
Edouard Cortes, Oil on Canvas, French Painting, Paris Street Scene, 20th C.
Located in Manhasset, NY
Edouard Cortes (French 1882-1969) oil on canvas in a fine gilt frame. From a fine Madison CT estate. Turn of the century. Guaranteed as authentic. 13 by 18 1/2" Unframed.
Cortès was...
Category
French Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Canvas
Original Oil Painting Representing a River and Trees Fance Early 20th Century
Located in Auribeau sur Siagne, FR
In a Gold Frame, an original oil Painting. Representing a River and Trees
It has been made in France circa in the Early XX century.
Signed.
Caroline Bu...
Category
French Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint, Wood
"New Mexico River Valley, " 1920s Painting, Black, Green & Blue, Attr. Applegate
By Frank Applegate 1
Located in Philadelphia, PA
This superbly painted view of the mountains framing a river valley in northern New Mexico is attributed to Frank Guy Applegate, who lived and worked in the state during the 1920s, and is known for his watercolors -- such as this -- that present strong, abstracted views of the local landscapes, all in vivid colors and bold strokes of paint. Applegate was considered one of the New Mexico Modernists, and was accompanied on some of his painting forays by B.J.O. Nordfeldt, Andrew Dasburg and Josef Bakos. Applegate also had enormous respect for the culture and artistry of the native people, and encouraged a revival of the Pueblo style...
Category
American Art Deco Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
Set of Four Japanese Silk Hanging Scrolls Screens C.1920
Located in London, GB
A stunning set of four Japanese silk mounted vertical hanging scrolls.
Dating from C.1920 Taisho Period.
The watercolour and ink on silk depicts a larg...
Category
Japanese Japonisme Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Silk
"Male Youth with Pole", Superb Painting of Male Nude by Sigvard Mohn, 1910s
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Sensitively painted with a rich but subdued palette and dramatic lighting, this large painting of a male youth leaning on a long pole was made by Sigvard Mo...
Category
American Beaux Arts Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
"Flamenco Dancer, " Brilliant Art Deco-Cubist Oil Painting by Schyl, 1920s
By Jules Schyl
Located in Philadelphia, PA
A brilliant example of Cubist-influenced Art Deco painting, this view of a young flamenco dancer, with a wide-brimmed hat and roses on her hair, was painted by Jules Schyl, one of Sw...
Category
Swedish Art Deco Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
"Nudes in the Surf", Atmospheric Painting with Male Nudes and Horses
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Continuing a tradition going back decades, Josef Pieper painted a series of seaside scenes with multiple nude male figures, riding and leading horses along the shore, their strong bodies...
Category
German Art Deco Vintage Early 20th Century Paintings
Materials
Paint
After Raffaello Sanzio 1483-1520 Raphael La Madonna della Seggiola Oil on Canvas
Located in Los Angeles, CA
A Fine Italian 19th Century Oil Painting on Canvas "La Madonna della Seggiola" after Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino 1483-1520). The circular painted canvas depicting a seated Madonna holding an infant Jesus Christ next to a child Saint John the Baptist, all within a massive carved gilt wood and gesso frame, which is identical to the frame on Raphael's original artwork. This painting is a 19th Century copy of Raphael's Madonna della Seggiola painted in 1514 and currently exhibited and part of the permanent collection at the Palazzo Pitti, Galleria Palatina, Florence, Italy. The bodies of the Virgin, Christ, and the boy Baptist fill the whole picture. The tender, natural looking embrace of the Mother and Child, and the harmonious grouping of the figures in the round, have made this one of Raphael's most popular Madonnas. The isolated chair leg is reminiscent of papal furniture, which has led to the assumption that Leo X himself commissioned the painting. A retailer's label reads " Fred K/ Keer's Sons - Framers and Fine Art Dealers - 917 Broad St. Newark, N.J." - Another label from the gilder reads "Carlo Bartolini - Doratore e Verniciatori - Via Maggio 1924 - Firenze". Circa: 1890-1900.
Subject: Religious painting
Canvas diameter: 28 inches (71.1 cm)
Frame height: 54 inches (137.2 cm)
Frame width: 42 1/2 inches (108 cm)
Frame depth: 5 1/2 inches (14 cm)
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Italian, March 28 or April 6, 1483 - April 6, 1520), known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.
Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his death at 37, leaving a large body of work. Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura. After his early years in Rome much of his work was executed by his workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. He was extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative printmaking.
After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more serene and harmonious qualities were again regarded as the highest models. His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years (1504–1508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant twelve years in Rome, working for two Popes and their close associates.
Raphael was born in the small but artistically significant central Italian city of Urbino in the Marche region, where his father Giovanni Santi was court painter to the Duke. The reputation of the court had been established by Federico III da Montefeltro, a highly successful condottiere who had been created Duke of Urbino by the Pope - Urbino formed part of the Papal States - and who died the year before Raphael was born. The emphasis of Federico's court was rather more literary than artistic, but Giovanni Santi was a poet of sorts as well as a painter, and had written a rhymed chronicle of the life of Federico, and both wrote the texts and produced the decor for masque-like court entertainments. His poem to Federico shows him as keen to show awareness of the most advanced North Italian painters, and Early Netherlandish artists as well. In the very small court of Urbino he was probably more integrated into the central circle of the ruling family than most court painters.
Federico was succeeded by his son Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, who married Elisabetta Gonzaga, daughter of the ruler of Mantua, the most brilliant of the smaller Italian courts for both music and the visual arts. Under them, the court continued as a centre for literary culture. Growing up in the circle of this small court gave Raphael the excellent manners and social skills stressed by Vasari. Court life in Urbino at just after this period was to become set as the model of the virtues of the Italian humanist court through Baldassare Castiglione's depiction of it in his classic work The Book of the Courtier, published in 1528. Castiglione moved to Urbino in 1504, when Raphael was no longer based there but frequently visited, and they became good friends. He became close to other regular visitors to the court: Pietro Bibbiena and Pietro Bembo, both later cardinals, were already becoming well known as writers, and would be in Rome during Raphael's period there. Raphael mixed easily in the highest circles throughout his life, one of the factors that tended to give a misleading impression of effortlessness to his career. He did not receive a full humanistic education however; it is unclear how easily he read Latin.
Early Life and Works
His mother Màgia died in 1491 when Raphael was eight, followed on August 1, 1494 by his father, who had already remarried. Raphael was thus orphaned at eleven; his formal guardian became his only paternal uncle Bartolomeo, a priest, who subsequently engaged in litigation with his stepmother. He probably continued to live with his stepmother when not staying as an apprentice with a master. He had already shown talent, according to Vasari, who says that Raphael had been "a great help to his father". A self-portrait drawing from his teenage years shows his precocity. His father's workshop continued and, probably together with his stepmother, Raphael evidently played a part in managing it from a very early age. In Urbino, he came into contact with the works of Paolo Uccello, previously the court painter (d. 1475), and Luca Signorelli, who until 1498 was based in nearby Città di Castello.
According to Vasari, his father placed him in the workshop of the Umbrian master Pietro Perugino as an apprentice "despite the tears of his mother". The evidence of an apprenticeship comes only from Vasari and another source, and has been disputed—eight was very early for an apprenticeship to begin. An alternative theory is that he received at least some training from Timoteo Viti, who acted as court painter in Urbino from 1495.Most modern historians agree that Raphael at least worked as an assistant to Perugino from around 1500; the influence of Perugino on Raphael's early work is very clear: "probably no other pupil of genius has ever absorbed so much of his master's teaching as Raphael did", according to Wölfflin. Vasari wrote that it was impossible to distinguish between their hands at this period, but many modern art historians claim to do better and detect his hand in specific areas of works by Perugino or his workshop. Apart from stylistic closeness, their techniques are very similar as well, for example having paint applied thickly, using an oil varnish medium, in shadows and darker garments, but very thinly on flesh areas. An excess of resin in the varnish often causes cracking of areas of paint in the works of both masters. The Perugino workshop was active in both Perugia and Florence, perhaps maintaining two permanent branches. Raphael is described as a "master", that is to say fully trained, in December 1500.
His first documented work was the Baronci altarpiece for the church of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino in Città di Castello, a town halfway between Perugia and Urbino. Evangelista da Pian di Meleto, who had worked for his father, was also named in the commission. It was commissioned in 1500 and finished in 1501; now only some cut sections and a preparatory drawing remain. In the following years he painted works for other churches there, including the Mond Crucifixion (about 1503) and the Brera Wedding of the Virgin (1504), and for Perugia, such as the Oddi Altarpiece. He very probably also visited Florence in this period. These are large works, some in fresco, where Raphael confidently marshals his compositions in the somewhat static style of Perugino. He also painted many small and exquisite cabinet paintings in these years, probably mostly for the connoisseurs in the Urbino court, like the Three Graces and St. Michael, and he began to paint Madonnas and portraits. In 1502 he went to Siena at the invitation of another pupil of Perugino, Pinturicchio, "being a friend of Raphael and knowing him to be a draughtsman of the highest quality" to help with the cartoons, and very likely the designs, for a fresco series in the Piccolomini Library in Siena Cathedral. He was evidently already much in demand even at this early stage in his career.
Influence of Florence
Raphael led a "nomadic" life, working in various centres in Northern Italy, but spent a good deal of time in Florence, perhaps from about 1504. Although there is traditional reference to a "Florentine period...
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