Medieval Furniture
The Middle Ages in Europe followed the end of the Roman Empire, and in this time of change, which preceded the Renaissance, furniture was simple and utilitarian, with most homes having only the necessities like chests and benches. Much of medieval furniture, which was often made in oak or walnut, was built for the elite, particularly the emerging merchant class who owned multiple homes.
Life for many in the medieval era was unstable, and furniture was designed to be functional and portable. Peasants worked the fields for affluent landowners and didn’t have access to literature in the way that nobles and people of the church did (women less so than men). The furniture in their modest dwellings was typically limited to cookware and a handful of stools. Foldable chairs, while uncommon in homes of the early Middle Ages and emblematic of wealth, like all other furnishings of the time, allowed for easy transportation of a household. Trestle tables with detachable legs and collapsible beds were designed to be simply moved from place to place.
Medieval blanket chests were among the most important furniture objects and could further serve as tables or even beds. Some ancient traditions were carried forward to build this sturdy furniture, such as turnery. Although the furniture was minimally designed, embellishments like carvings added elegance to the heavy wood pieces. These details sometimes reflected trends in religious art like rose windows.
By the later Middle Ages, storage pieces like chests of drawers were often adorned with high relief carvings, such as geometric and floral motifs. By the 14th and 15th centuries, design had developed to include more involved pieces like cupboards and desks, while benches frequently doubled as chests with hinged seats. Beds also changed in this era from basic boards to four-post designs with large drapes to keep the sleeper warm. These beds and other medieval bedroom furniture were significant status symbols, passed down through families and used as places to conduct business and receive visitors.
Surviving examples of medieval furniture are very rare, yet its distinctive aesthetics influenced later styles like William and Mary and Arts and Crafts.
Find a collection of medieval seating, garden elements, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
1950s Danish Vintage Medieval Furniture
Brass
19th Century Italian Antique Medieval Furniture
Leather, Walnut
1920s French Vintage Medieval Furniture
Oak
Late 19th Century Scottish Antique Medieval Furniture
Oak
15th Century and Earlier French Antique Medieval Furniture
Stone
17th Century French Antique Medieval Furniture
Iron
18th Century Spanish Antique Medieval Furniture
Wood, Pine
17th Century French Antique Medieval Furniture
Iron
2010s Indian Medieval Furniture
Silk
20th Century German Medieval Furniture
Iron
Late 19th Century French Antique Medieval Furniture
Iron
Late 19th Century French Antique Medieval Furniture
Oak
Early 20th Century German Medieval Furniture
Metal, Brass, Wrought Iron
2010s Indian Medieval Furniture
Silk
Early 18th Century English Antique Medieval Furniture
Glass, Oak
20th Century Spanish Medieval Furniture
Iron, Wrought Iron
1930s Spanish Vintage Medieval Furniture
Wrought Iron
18th Century Spanish Antique Medieval Furniture
Wood, Pine
19th Century English Antique Medieval Furniture
Oak
18th Century French Antique Medieval Furniture
Iron
Late 20th Century North American Medieval Furniture
Wrought Iron
Mid-19th Century Antique Medieval Furniture
Walnut
Late 20th Century English Medieval Furniture
Wood, Giltwood
Late 19th Century German Antique Medieval Furniture
Brass, Metal
Early 20th Century Spanish Medieval Furniture
Giltwood, Wood
1880s English Antique Medieval Furniture
Paper
Early 20th Century Spanish Medieval Furniture
Iron, Wrought Iron
15th Century and Earlier European Antique Medieval Furniture
Steel, Iron
15th Century and Earlier Dutch Antique Medieval Furniture
Wrought Iron
Mid-20th Century French Medieval Furniture
Cotton
Early 19th Century German Antique Medieval Furniture
Fruitwood, Oak
Early 20th Century Medieval Furniture
Marble
20th Century American Medieval Furniture
Iron
2010s Indian Medieval Furniture
Silk
15th Century and Earlier English Antique Medieval Furniture
Stone
1910s English Vintage Medieval Furniture
Mahogany
15th Century and Earlier German Antique Medieval Furniture
Parchment Paper
1880s English Antique Medieval Furniture
Oak
18th Century French Antique Medieval Furniture
Wood
1960s Persian Vintage Medieval Furniture
Wool
1880s English Antique Medieval Furniture
Paper
Late 19th Century French Antique Medieval Furniture
Oak
Early 20th Century European Medieval Furniture
Wood
15th Century and Earlier Spanish Antique Medieval Furniture
Parchment Paper, Wood
Mid-20th Century French Medieval Furniture
Wool, Cotton
Mid-20th Century French Medieval Furniture
Cotton
16th Century Spanish Antique Medieval Furniture
Wood, Chestnut
Early 20th Century French Medieval Furniture
Antler
Early 20th Century Medieval Furniture
Iron, Wrought Iron
Early 20th Century Medieval Furniture
Glass, Mahogany
1960s Belgian Vintage Medieval Furniture
Fabric
Mid-19th Century French Antique Medieval Furniture
Bronze
1960s Persian Vintage Medieval Furniture
Wool
Late 20th Century French Medieval Furniture
Wool
Mid-19th Century European Antique Medieval Furniture
Metal, Brass
1880s English Antique Medieval Furniture
Paper
20th Century English Medieval Furniture
Iron
18th Century German Antique Medieval Furniture
Oak