Skip to main content

French Cut Sapphire

to
196
1,684
684
1,575
1,028
677
474
344
292
239
195
75
70
60
58
56
51
50
42
38
35
31
9
6
5
4
2
1
1
1
194
62
22
20
14
Sort By
Art Deco Style French Cut Sapphire Diamond Platinum Ring
Located in New York, NY
Deco style platinum ring with French cut sapphires and approx. 0.50cts in diamonds. Ring size - 7
Category

20th Century More Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Vintage inspired 14k W/gold "French cut" Sapphire & Baguette Diamond Ring
By Gregory Mikaelian & Sons, Inc.
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Vintage inspired 14k White Gold "French cut" Sapphire & Baguette Diamond Wedding Ring
Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Retro Bridal Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, 14k Gold, White Gold

Platinum and French Cut Sapphires Featuring a 1.30 Carat Cabochon Sapphire Ring
Located in New York, NY
Art Deco Platinum and French Cut Sapphires Featuring a 1.30 Carat Cabochon Sapphire Ring c.1925
Category

Vintage 1920s Unknown Art Deco Cocktail Rings

Materials

Sapphire, Platinum

Vintage 18k Yellow n White gold "French cut" Sapphire & "Rose cut" Diamond Ring
By Gregory Mikaelian & Sons, Inc.
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Vintage 18k Yellow n White gold "French cut" Sapphire & "Rose cut" Diamond Ring Specifications
Category

Late 20th Century American Retro Bridal Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, White Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold

Art Deco Star Form Diamond & French Cut Sapphire Ring in Platinum
Located in Boston, MA
An Art Deco style old European cut diamond, and French cut sapphire star form ring in platinum
Category

Early 20th Century Art Deco Engagement Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

23.20 Carat French Cut Sapphire Aquamarine Diamond Platinum Pendant Necklace
Located in Stamford, CT
Original natural light slightly greenish blue aquamarine. Scroll setting with a French cut sapphire
Category

Early 20th Century Pendant Necklaces

Materials

Aquamarine, Blue Sapphire, Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

1.53ct French Cut Sapphire Eternity Band, Platinum
Located in New York, NY
This exquisite eternity band showcases a continuous row of French cut sapphires, each precisely set
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Unknown Art Deco Band Rings

Materials

Sapphire, Platinum

French Cut Sapphire Wedding Band, Platinum, Channel Set
Located in New York, NY
This exquisite wedding band showcases a row of elongated French-cut sapphires, gracefully channel
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Unknown Art Deco Band Rings

Materials

Sapphire, Platinum

Art Deco 14.50 Carat French Cut Sapphire Line Bracelet 14k White Gold
Located in beverly hills, CA
sleek French cut sapphires, totaling approximately 14.50 carats. The sapphires are beautifully set in a
Category

Vintage 1920s Art Deco Tennis Bracelets

Materials

Sapphire, 14k Gold, White Gold

18K White and Yellow Gold Diamond Earrings with French Cut Sapphires
Located in NEW ORLEANS, LA
that weigh approximately 2.00ct. and are accentuated by lovely French cut sapphires that weigh
Category

20th Century Art Deco Drop Earrings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, 18k Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold

4.25ct French Cut Sapphire Eternity Band Ring, Platinum
Located in New York, NY
sapphires, meticulously channel-set in a refined north-south orientation. The unique elongated French cut
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Unknown Art Deco Band Rings

Materials

Sapphire, Platinum

AGL 47.95 Carats Emerald Cut Aquamarine Ring, French Cut Sapphires, Diamonds, PT
Located in Southport, CT
Impressive Emerald Cut Aquamarine surrounded by French Cut Sapphires and Diamond Ring Eleanor is
Category

Mid-20th Century Unknown Art Deco Cocktail Rings

Materials

Sapphire, Diamond, Aquamarine, Platinum

Yellow Gold Sapphire Band 0.84ct French Cut Sapphire Band Ring
Located in New York, NY
elongated French-cut sapphires, totaling 0.84 carats. The deep blue sapphires are meticulously arranged
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Unknown Art Deco Band Rings

Materials

Sapphire, Gold, Yellow Gold

Art Deco Diamond Ring .58ct French Cut Sapphires Original 1920's 18K
Located in Dearborn, MI
Genuine Original Art Deco Antique from 1920's Diamond French Cut Sapphire Engagement Ring .58ct 18K
Category

Vintage 1920s Art Deco Engagement Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, 18k Gold, White Gold

Antique Art Deco Platinum Old European Diamond French Cut Sapphire Bracelet
Located in Great Neck, NY
Beautiful Antique Art Deco Platinum Old European Diamond French Cut Sapphire Bracelet. his gorgeous
Category

Antique Early 19th Century Unknown Art Deco Tennis Bracelets

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Art Deco Platinum French Cut Sapphire and Diamond Straight Line Bracelet
Located in Santa Barbara, CA
. Fabricated of enduring platinum links interspersed with vivid blue, French cut sapphires and brilliant round
Category

Vintage 1930s Art Deco Tennis Bracelets

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Vintage Old European Diamond GIA and French Cut Sapphire Platinum Cocktail Ring
Located in Montreal, QC
by 1.28tcw French Cut Sapphires and adding a touch of sparkle with smaller OEC Diamonds, weighing
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Art Deco Cocktail Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Round Brilliant Cut Diamond & French Cut Sapphire Anchor Pendant Necklace
Located in New York, NY
and stability. The elegant design is adorned with vibrant French-cut sapphires, totaling approximately
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Unknown Art Deco Pendant Necklaces

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Platinum Diamonds French Cut Sapphire Bracelet
Located in New York, NY
Platinum bracelet, featuring two rows of French cut blue sapphires and approx. 7.20ctw in diamonds
Category

20th Century Art Deco More Bracelets

Materials

Diamond, Blue Sapphire, Platinum

2.06ct French Cut Sapphires Wedding Band, Platinum
Located in New York, NY
contact us. Primary Stone: Sapphires Primary Stone Weight: 2.06 Total Carats Primary Stone Cut: French
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Unknown Art Deco Band Rings

Materials

Sapphire, Platinum

Natural French Cut Sapphire Eternity Band Ring
By Antinori Fine Jewels
Located in Chicago, IL
Deco era! The setting features rich French-cut blue natural sapphires meticulously bezel set. The 14K
Category

2010s European Art Deco Band Rings

Materials

Sapphire, 14k Gold, White Gold

Round Brilliant Diamonds and French-Cut Sapphires and Rubies Flip Band
Located in New York, NY
This exquisite 14K white gold ring showcases a striking combination of French-cut sapphires, rubies
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Unknown Art Deco Fashion Rings

Materials

Ruby, Sapphire, Diamond, White Gold, 14k Gold

Unique French Cut Sapphire Diamond Wide Line Bracelet
By Diamond Scene New York
Located in New York, NY
15.80 carats of French Cut blue sapphires! 5.14 carats of round brilliant cut diamonds
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Retro Bracelets

Materials

Blue Sapphire, Diamond, White Diamond, Sapphire, 18k Gold

Art Deco Diamond Engagement Ring .72ct French Cut Sapphires Original 1920's 18K
Located in Dearborn, MI
Genuine Original Antique from 1920's Art Deco Diamond Engagement Ring .72ct French Cut Sapphires
Category

Vintage 1920s Art Deco Engagement Rings

Materials

Sapphire, Diamond, 18k Gold, White Gold

Nova Ferris Wheel French Cut Sapphire and Diamond Stud Earrings in 18K Gold
Located in Bangkok, TH
Created in 18K white gold and adorned with French cut sapphires and round diamonds the design is
Category

20th Century Thai Art Deco Stud Earrings

Materials

Diamond, Blue Sapphire, Sapphire, 18k Gold, White Gold

Art Deco 3 Stone Diamond Ring Mined .43ct French Cut Sapphire 18K Original 1920'
Located in Dearborn, MI
Genuine Original Antique from 1920's-1930's 3 Stone .43ct Diamond French Cut Sapphire 18K Art Deco
Category

Vintage 1920s Art Deco Three-Stone Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, 18k Gold, White Gold

Art Deco European Cut Diamond & French Cut Sapphire Engagement Ring
Located in Boston, MA
cut diamond of 0.50 carats, H color, VS2 clarity. Flanked by baguette-cut blue sapphires totaling 0.12
Category

Vintage 1920s Art Deco Engagement Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, 14k Gold, White Gold

0.50ct Round Cut Diamond and French Cut Sapphire Eternity Band, Platinum
Located in New York, NY
Secondary Stone: Sapphire Secondary Stone Weight: 1.00 Total Carats Secondary Stone Cut: French Cut
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Unknown Art Deco Wedding Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Oscar Heyman Art Deco Platinum French Cut Sapphire Diamond Bracelet
By Oscar Heyman
Located in New York, NY
: 26.7 g Length: 7.25 inches Gemstone: Sapphire With 7 CT Round Brilliant Cut Diamonds Includes a
Category

20th Century Unknown Art Deco More Bracelets

0.69ct French Cut Sapphire and 0.24ct Round Brilliant Diamond Band, Platinum
Located in New York, NY
elegance. Showcasing a total of 0.69 carats of rich French cut natural sapphires, each vivid blue gem is
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Unknown Art Deco Band Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Circa 1921 Art Deco Oscar Heyman 25ct French Cut Sapphire Line Bracelet
By Oscar Heyman
Located in Hicksville, NY
Items Total) Stone Details: Natural, Sapphire (No Treatments), French Cut, Blue, 25ct total weight
Category

Vintage 1920s Art Deco Link Bracelets

Materials

Sapphire, Gold, Platinum

Circa 1920s Art Deco Platinum 1.75ct Old Mine Diamond and French Cut Sapphire
Located in Hicksville, NY
Item Details: Metal Type: Platinum [Hallmarked, and Tested] Weight: 6.5 grams Diamond Details: 1.75ct, Old Mine Brilliant, K Color, VS Clarity, Pin Measurements: Diameter: 2 inches...
Category

Vintage 1920s Art Deco Brooches

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

18 Karat Gold 0.52 Carat Diamonds and 8.50 Carat French Cut Sapphires Bracelet
Located in Los Angeles, CA
: 750 Total Weight: 23.70 Gram Stone Type: .52CT Diamonds & Sapphires Stock Number: BJ1
Category

2010s Unknown Link Bracelets

French Cut 4 Carat Sapphire Ring, Platinum
Located in New York, NY
A French Cut Sapphire, weighing appx 4 carats, mounted in a ring with diamonds. The ring is crafted
Category

20th Century Three-Stone Rings

Materials

Sapphire, Platinum

Hancocks Contemporary French Cut Diamond and Sapphire Eternity Ring in Platinum
By Hancocks
Located in London, GB
A beautiful and elegant French-cut diamond and sapphire eternity ring by Hancocks, set
Category

21st Century and Contemporary English Engagement Rings

Materials

Diamond, Blue Sapphire, Platinum

Art Deco Style 1ct Rose Cut Diamond with Sapphire Ring 18k White Gold
Located in BEVERLY HILLS, CA
Art Deco inspired ring with a rose cut diamond and French cut sapphires. 1.00ct center rose cut
Category

Vintage 1920s Art Deco Cocktail Rings

Materials

Blue Sapphire, Sapphire, White Diamond, Diamond, White Gold, 18k Gold

R-PR-SD - Princess Cut Diamond Ring with French cut Baguette Sapphires
Located in New York, NY
Princess Cut Diamond Ring with French cut Baguette Sapphires Metal: Platinum Diamond Info: 1
Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Modern Wedding Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

18K Gold Sapphire Diamond Leaf Brooch
Located in New York, NY
Round diamonds total approx. 2.3ct, G-H/VS. French-cut sapphires.
Category

Late 20th Century Brooches

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire

14K Sapphire Eternity Ring
Located in New York, NY
This 14K sapphire eternity ring exudes timeless elegance. Its 0.80 carats of French cut sapphire
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Engagement Rings

Materials

Sapphire, 14k Gold

Art Deco Inspired Diamond & Sapphire Ring 18k White Gold
Located in BEVERLY HILLS, CA
Art Deco inspired ring with a rose cut diamond and French cut sapphires. 1.18ct center rose cut
Category

Vintage 1920s Art Deco Cocktail Rings

Materials

Blue Sapphire, Sapphire, Diamond, White Gold, 18k Gold

Mid Century Diamond Calibre Cut Sapphire Bow Ring
Located in Chicago, IL
diamonds and calibre cut (French cut) sapphires. Estimated total diamond weight is 1 carat. Size of the
Category

Vintage 1950s More Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire

Retro French 18K Platinum Sapphire Ruby Brooch with Moonstone
Located in New York, NY
have 11 round cut sapphires, 10 round cut rubies and 4 moonstones. The stem is encrusted with 30 French
Category

Vintage 1940s French Retro Brooches

Materials

Ruby, Sapphire, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold, Platinum

Kingman Cabochon Turquoise Diamond and Sapphire Platinum Statement Drop Earrings
Located in Montreal, QC
Diamond and French Cut Sapphire Platinum Drop Earrings. Hand set with Kingman Cabochon Turquoise Gemstones
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Art Deco Drop Earrings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Turquoise, Platinum

Antique Old European Cut Natural Diamond & Blue Sapphire Bar Pin Filigree Brooch
Located in Baltimore, MD
approx. .15 CT H VS Sapphires: Natural blue french cut sapphires
Category

Early 20th Century Art Deco Brooches

Materials

Diamond, Blue Sapphire, 14k Gold

Art Deco French Platinum and 1.30 Carat Cabochon Sugarloaf Sapphire Ring C.1920s
Located in New York, NY
Art Deco Platinum and French Cut Sapphires featuring a 1.30 Carat Natural Cabochon Sugarloaf
Category

20th Century French Art Deco More Rings

Materials

Sapphire, Platinum

20.00 Carat Sapphire and 12.00 Carat Diamond Bracelet
Located in New York, NY
Finely crafted in platinum with 60 GIA certified French cut Sapphires weighing approximately a
Category

Late 20th Century Tennis Bracelets

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

8.15 Carat Square Cut Sapphire & Princess Cut Diamond White Gold Bracelet
Located in Chevy Chase, MD
cut Sapphires have a total weight of 8.15 carats, and the 15 princess cut Diamonds have a total weight
Category

2010s American Modern Link Bracelets

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, 18k Gold, White Gold

Oscar Heyman Platinum Diamond and Sapphire Circle Brooch
By Oscar Heyman
Located in Chicago, IL
Carat and Fine color French cut sapphires. The brooch measures 1 3/8 inch in diameter.
Category

Vintage 1960s American Brooches

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Art Deco Style Platinum 1.04 F, SI1 GIA Diamond & Sapphire Ring
Located in New York, NY
The art deco style with an oval 1.04 CTS GIA F, SI1 diamond and French-Cut sapphire Ring exudes
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Art Deco Engagement Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

1920s Exquisite Platinum Diamond and Sapphire Bow Brooch
Located in Wailea, HI
weighing 2.00 carats (approximately) Twenty Calibrated French Cut Sapphire weighing .70 carats
Category

Early 20th Century Brooches

Materials

Sapphire, Platinum

1980s Diamond Sapphire 18 Karat Yellow Gold Bracelet
Located in New York, NY
blue French cut sapphires. A wonderful contrast of colors on the wrist.
Category

Vintage 1980s Link Bracelets

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold

Art Deco, 4.53 Carat Old European Cut Diamond and Sapphire Engagement Ring
Located in Chicago, IL
weighing 4.53 carats in a French cut sapphire surround and 6 old European cut diamonds on the shoulders
Category

Vintage 1920s Art Deco Engagement Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

443.57 Carat Aquamarine Multi-Strand Necklace with Sapphire, Diamond, Platinum
By Kiersten Elizabeth
Located in Southport, CT
features 2 Aquamarine Strands with a custom Diamond and French Cut Sapphire Clasp with a hidden safety
Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Modern Multi-Strand Necklaces

Materials

Aquamarine, Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Antique Art Deco 1930s 6.00 carat Diamond Belly Bracelet with Sapphires
Located in New York, NY
3.50 carats and French cut Sapphires. Size 6 1/4 inches
Category

Vintage 1930s Art Deco Link Bracelets

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Modern Sapphire, Diamond and Platinum Drop Earrings
Located in London, GB
weight of 0.92ct, each looping around a wheel of French-cut sapphires, in channel settings, with a total
Category

2010s Modern Dangle Earrings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Classic Art Deco Platinum and Sapphire Line Bracelet
Located in Venice, CA
This platinum bracelet is a classic Art Deco design, with a fluid line of French Cut sapphires
Category

Vintage 1920s Unknown Art Deco Link Bracelets

Materials

Sapphire, Platinum

1.85ct Diamond 0.80ct Sapphire Stud Earrings
Located in New York, NY
are accentuated by lovely French cut sapphires that weigh approximately 0.80ct. The earrings measure
Category

20th Century Stud Earrings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Modern Sapphire Diamond and Platinum Line Bracelet
Located in London, GB
A modern sapphire diamond and platinum line bracelet, set with nine sets of four French-cut
Category

2010s American Modern Modern Bracelets

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, Platinum

Art Deco 0.52 Ct. Three Stone Diamond and Sapphire Ring in 14k White Gold
Located in New York, NY
the two french cut sapphires make this low profile beauty an amazing everyday piece and an excellent
Category

Early 20th Century Unknown Art Deco Cocktail Rings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, White Gold

Shimmering Sapphire and Diamond Vintage Drop Style Earrings
Located in NEW ORLEANS, LA
diamonds is G-H with VS clarity. The earrings are also adorned by gorgeous small French cut sapphires that
Category

20th Century Drop Earrings

Materials

Diamond, Sapphire, 18k Gold

  • 1
  • ...
Get Updated with New Arrivals
Save "French Cut Sapphire", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.

French Cut Sapphire For Sale on 1stDibs

On 1stDibs, you can find the most appropriate french cut sapphire for your needs in our varied inventory. Each design created in this style — which was crafted with great care and often made from Platinum, Gold and 18k Gold — can elevate any look. Find an antique version now, or shop for 174 vintage or 26 modern creation for a more contemporary example of these cherished accessories. Finding the perfect french cut sapphire may mean sifting through those created during different time periods — you can find an early version that dates to the 19th Century and a newer variation that were made as recently as the 21st Century. Creating a french cut sapphire has been a part of the legacy of many jewelers, but those produced by Baume, Cartier and J DAUPHIN are consistently popular. See these pages for a french cut iteration of this accessory, while there are also brilliant cut cut and cushion cut cut versions available here, too. Most of our french cut sapphire for sale are for women, but there are 35 pieces available to browse for men.

How Much is a French Cut Sapphire?

Prices for a french cut sapphire can differ depending upon size, time period and other attributes — at 1stDibs, these accessories begin at $595 and can go as high as $95,000, while this accessory, on average, fetches $5,998.

The Legacy of Sapphire in Jewelry Design

On 1stDibs, shop the bright blue gems that star in sapphire rings, sapphire necklaces and other vintage and antique sapphire jewelry

Sapphires — the stone of choice for Napoleon, Princess Diana and Elizabeth Taylor — have been a favorite of aristocrats and the well-to-do since the time of the Ancient Greeks.

Picture a sapphire. If the stone you conjure is a deep cornflower blue, you’re seeing only part of the picture. Although blue Kashmirs are considered the most valuable, sapphires come in every color except red. No matter the hue, this very special gem is rich in history and beloved by royals (FYI, Princess Diana and Kate Middleton share an 11-carat sapphire engagement ring), so September babies are in very noble company.

America’s version of royalty — old money and celebrities — have also shown a predilection for the blue stones. In 1940, John D. Rockefeller Jr. had Cartier mount a 62-carat sapphire he had bought from an Indian maharajah in a brooch for his first wife, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller; in 2001, the piece sold for a then-record of $3,031,000 at Christie’s New York.

The grand dame of jewelry, Elizabeth Taylor had a passion for the gems that her lovers were happy to indulge. Second husband Michael Wilding gave her an engagement ring set with a cabochon sapphire, while Richard Burton famously presented her with a BVLGARI sautoir set with diamonds and sapphires, including at its center a cabochon Burmese weighing 52.72 carats. One of the star lots in the sale of Taylor’s jewels at the Christie’s New York in 2011, it sold for $5,906,500.

You don’t have to have blue blood or a bulging bank account, however, to get an eyeful of this much-coveted gem. A number of outstanding examples reside in public collections.

The Smithsonian Museum of Natural History owns the 423-carat Logan sapphire, a gift from the Guggenheim family, and the Hall sapphire and diamond necklace, designed by Harry Winston and featuring 36 fine, well-matched cushion-cut Sri Lankan sapphires weighing a combined 195 carats. Also in the collection is the Bismarck sapphire necklace, designed by Cartier and sporting a central sapphire weighing 98.6 carats, which Mona Von Bismarck donated to the museum.

Sapphires are composed of corundum. Their color derives from trace elements, such as iron, titanium, chromium, copper or magnesium. When the trace element produces a ruby hue, the stone is called, what else, a ruby. (which is, as mentioned above, why sapphires cannot be red by definition).

The allure of large gemstones endures throughout the periods characterized as vintage, and sapphire features frequently in vintage engagement rings. (On 1stDibs, a range of buying guides can be found for those in the market for antique engagement ringsvintage engagement rings or Art Deco engagement rings.)  

Find an exquisite collection of vintage and antique sapphire jewelry on 1stDibs.

Questions About French Cut Sapphire
  • 1stDibs ExpertApril 5, 2022
    Not to be confused with an emerald gemstone, an emerald-cut sapphire is a sapphire cut into a rectangular shape. An emerald-cut adds the illusion of flashing lights across the stone with its unique shape and step-cut along the edges. Browse a wide selection of sapphire jewelry in a variety of cuts on 1stDibs.
  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 12, 2021
    A French cut diamond is a diamond that is cut in a square or rectangular shape, and features a high crown, along with triangle-shaped facets in a crisscross pattern. A French cut diamond is made by grinding the top of the crystal gemstone. Find a collection of antique, vintage and new French cut diamond jewelry on 1stDibs today.
  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 12, 2021
    The best cuts for a blue sapphire are said to be oval, round, and cushion. The look of an oval-cut sapphire is similar to that of a round sapphire. The slightly extended shape, on the other hand, can make it appear larger than a similar-weight stone. A round cut is one of the most traditional shapes, and it helps a gem dazzle to its full potential. The presence of about 58 facets results in a large amount of light being reflected. Cushion cut, sometimes known as the 'pillow-cut,' has been popular for generations due to its cushion-like appearance. The gemstone has a rectangular form with soft, slightly rounded corners in this cut. Typically, the crown has 58 to 64 big facets. These cuts were popular in numerous forms of jewelry, including rings, pendants, and earrings. Find a wide variety of blue sapphire jewelry on 1stDibs.